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Research & Development (R&D) Activity
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  • Analysis | InfoBrief

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    R&D by Type of R&D

    In 2019, basic research activities accounted for $102.9 billion, or 15% of U.S. total R&D expenditures (table 4). Applied research was $132.0 billion, or 20% of the total. Most of the total of U.S. R&D expenditures was experimental development at $432.0 billion, or 65%.Higher education accounted ...

  • Analysis | InfoBrief

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    State Government

    State agency intramural R&D performance in 2019 totaled $675 million—a small share (about 0.1%) of the U.S. total (table 1 and table 3). This includes all 50 states and the District of Columbia.

  • Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector and source of funds: 2010–20

    The U.S. research and development system consists of activities from a range of R&D performers and sources of funding. These include the federal government, nonfederal governments, business, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private businesses. Organizations that perform...

  • Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

    U.S. R&D increased by $62 billion in 2019, to $667 billion; estimate for 2020 indicates a further rise to $708 billion

    U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector, source of funds, and type of R&D: 2019

    The U.S. research and development system consists of activities from a range of R&D performers and sources of funding. These include the federal government, nonfederal governments, business, higher education institutions, nonprofit organizations, and private businesses. Organizations that perform...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | III. Federal and State Government R&D

    Description

    The OMB prescribes budget regulations for federal agencies. Part II of Circular A-11 covers development of the president’s budget and provides guidance on agency submissions to OMB. Section 84 of the circular defines budget authority, outlays, and offsetting receipts for the conduct of R&D, const...

  • Reference

    Definitions of Research and Development: An Annotated Compilation of Official Sources | III. Federal and State Government R&D

    Description

    This NCSES survey is the only source for comprehensive, uniform statistics regarding the extent of R&D activity performed and funded by departments and agencies in each of the nation’s 50 state governments, the government of the District of Columbia, and the government of Puerto Rico. For general...

  • Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

    Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons | Recent Trends in U.S. R&D Performance

    Annual rates of change in U.S. R&D expenditures, by performing sector: 1990–2020

    Investment in R&D is essential for a country’s success in the global economy and for its ability to address challenges and opportunities in diverse societal areas such as health, environment, and national security. This report analyzes trends in U.S. R&D performance and funding, both domestically...

  • Data Tables | Data Tables (Individual)

    Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons | Cross-National Comparisons of R&D Performance

    Gross expenditures on R&D for selected countries, by performing sector and source of funds: 2019 or most recent year

    Investment in R&D is essential for a country’s success in the global economy and for its ability to address challenges and opportunities in diverse societal areas such as health, environment, and national security. This report analyzes trends in U.S. R&D performance and funding, both domestically...

  • Analysis | Reports

    Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons

    Recent Trends in U.S. R&D Performance

    The U.S. R&D system consists of the activities of a diverse group of R&D performers and sources of funding. Included here are private businesses, the federal government, nonfederal governments, higher education institutions, and nonprofit organizations. The organizations that perform R&D often re...

  • Analysis | Reports

    Research and Development: U.S. Trends and International Comparisons | Recent Trends in U.S. R&D Performance

    State Government

    State agency intramural R&D performance in 2019 totaled $675 million—a small share (about 0.1%) of the U.S. total (Table RD-1 and Table RD-3). This includes all 50 states and the District of Columbia.